Being a continuing conspiracy, the incidents of organised crime are dealt with under the general conspiracy law and relevant special Acts. Under development, religious persecution, environmental concerns etc. Specifies the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of the Houses. Highly polarised and vicious, biased media whipping up a frenzy and studio warriors pushing their own and their masters’ agenda on unsuspecting citizens and Army. Enhance communication and connectivity, infrastructure improvement for better integration of the region with the mainland. The agenda includes: left wing extremism, insurgencies in the Northeast India, cross border terrorism and militancy in Jammu and Kashmir, global and national trends in terrorism, management of India’s international borders and security of its coasts. Indian constitution is federal in nature with unitary bias, In both countries the head of the cabinet is Prime Minister, In both countries the real executive is Cabinet, In both the countries constitution is regarded as the supreme law of land, Both the countries have parliamentary system, Both the countries follow single citizenship rule, Both countries follow the concept of ‘Procedure Established by Law’, In both the countries Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority of the nation, India has parliamentary form of government, Russia has Semi-Presidential system of government, Authority of the President is the strongest, Dual citizenship is not recognized in India, India and Russia are both republican countries, Both countries have the concept of Fundamental rights provided to citizens in their constitutions, Both the countries have federal structure, Executive is vested in President in India, Executive is vested in the Federal Council in Switzerland, Judiciary has supremacy according to Indian constitutional model, Judiciary cannot rule invalid a federal law according to Switzerland constitutional model, President is elected by electoral college, Federal Council is elected by Federal Assembly, Referring bills for ratification to the people is not possible according to Indian constitutional model, Such referendum is possible according to Switzerland constitutional model, Both India and Switzerland follow principle of federalism, Dual citizenship is not allowed in Indian constitutional model, Dual citizenship is allowed in Canada’s constitutional model, Candian constitution has written and unwritten elements both. Funds used to support terrorism may originate from legitimate sources, criminal activities, or both. These are some of the important cybersecurity issues that nations are grappling with. AFSPA was first enacted to deal with the Naga insurgency in the Assam region. A Court of law is a part of the traditional judicial system. The judiciary is the weakest of the three organs, yet it is always held in high esteem by the people. Importance of Civil Services Exams. Some countries in the world feel threatened by the fact that social media can bring the people together and thus, create a revolution. We are living the renaissance of technology and in such a state, technology and education system cannot be kept apart. Establishment of madrasas, which could result in security hazards. The country has withstood the worst period of militancy in Kashmir, but, given the fraught situation that currently exists. Pathankot attack that took place on 31st December 2015, the attack of 26/11 on the Taj hotel, Indian parliament attack in 2001 etc are the grim reminders how fatal the menace of terrorism can be. Firstly, the government can curb the exploitation and harassment of prostitutes to a significant extent as well as, As suggested by Justice J.S Verma Committee that to provide safety to women there has to be sufficient, However, it is understood that classes that are, Along with such references of backwardness, the, The real problem, however, is not the removal of legal disabilities but social disabilities. Sound Public Grievance Redress Mechanism. Banks use wire transfers as an expeditious method for transferring funds between bank accounts. There is a need to stress upon the areas of strategic importance including Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Virtual reality & augmented reality, Internet of things (IOT) which would be the backbone of the country’s security in the digital world. Social media has also emerged as a powerful medium to spread messages relating to communal tension or riot in any part of the country. Social Factors like laws of inheritance, caste system, certain traditions, etc. In dealing with this decades-old problem, high-level deliberations and interactions with the State Governments concerned that an integrated approach aimed at the relatively more affected areas would deliver results. Communalism is often defined as a political doctrine that makes use of religious and cultural differences in achieving political gains. The executive agency is not a policy-making body. Fingerprints are the oldest and most widely adopted biometric technology used in smart identity management. However. Social Media can be defined as any web or mobile based platform that enables an individual or agency to communicate interactively and enables exchange of user generated content and it is explained by a number of tools, which includes blogs, Wikis, discussion forums, micro-blogs, twitter and social networking sites. Long pending police reforms must be finalised within a time frame. Most of the States face a resources crunch and are not in the position to spare adequate resources for the criminal justice system agencies. Creating effective machinery for the redressal of public grievance, are absolutely essential to improve the environment in which extremist violence flourishes. Administrative decentralisation places planning and implementation responsibility in the hands of locally situated civil servants and these local civil servants are under the jurisdiction of elected local governments.       Layering conceals the source of the money through a series of transactions and bookkeeping tricks. Migration is becoming a very important subject for the life of cities. Its direct costs, in terms of resources devoted to the program. Communalism, in a broad sense, means a strong attachment to one’s own community. Lack of social and physical security of their kith and kins in home towns. Certain crimes, particularly drug trafficking, are planned in one part of the world and executed in another. Similar commissions were also instituted by the state, The Central Government has since 1961 been pressing for the. Prolonged separation from the families, in an increasingly unsafe and polarised countryside. We need to understand the difference between fake and real news as it’s actually a lot harder than we think, purely because often we believe that the platform delivering the content is trustworthy. The other groups that formed are Bodo Liberation Tigers, National Democratic Front of Bodoland (N.D.F.B. Each Wing is subdivided into divisions each headed by a Deputy Secretary; a division into branches each headed by, an Under Secretary and a Branch into sections each headed by a Section Officer. Proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) and lack of proper security infrastructure in some devices. The political nexus has helped them carry out their illicit works. Many tribunals perform investigatory functions as well along with its quasi-judicial functions. Government must provide guidance to the military through issuance of national security strategy, defence policy and military strategy so that the three services, including the Army, can align their respective policies and doctrines to these formulations in a coordinated manner. Their tactics are no different from the insurgents and terrorists. o   This border, which has been an open one, was once peaceful and trouble-free. SUGGESTIONS TO PROMOTE DECENT WORK FOR MIGRANT WORKERS IN INDIA. Along with the above, the following are major roadblocks or healthcare in India: A committee was set up under K. Srinath Reddy (the then president of the Public Health Foundation of India) in 2010. Due to the immense power handed to the CEC to recommend their dismissal, it poses a question on this same independence. Elected body of representatives of each Gram Saha, The Committee also proposed in general terms that, In accordance with the recommendations of the Bhuria Committee, an Act was passed on 24th December 1996, Such hegemony over the financial planning of a country makes the Centre go. have. As such, cyber security threats pose one of the most serious economic and national security challenges. It is a process where the proceeds of crime are transformed into apparently legitimate money or other assets. Inter-services Intelligence and Pak Military Islamic terrorist groups like the Al-Qaeda, Lashkar-e-Taiba, Harkat-ul-Jihad Islami, Jaish-e-Mohammad, and the Pakistani Taliban along with various other Jehadi Tanjims. Government’s low investment in the cybersecurity research and development sector is giving loopholes to the hackers to exploit or manipulate the system. It was, The key points of that definition were retained when Anglo-Indians were, Anglo Indian is the only community of India whose representatives are sent to Parliament and Legislative Assemblies, These provisions, as with reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, were. They argue that in the absence of fundamental rights, independence of judiciary, rule of law, economic equality and a spirit of democracy, there can be no liberty even when there may be present full separation of powers. No person shall be enrolled for more than one constituency and may be disqualified if he/she is not a citizen of India or maybe of unsound mind and is debarred from voting. Cyber Security is “the security of information and its communicating channels as applied to computing devices such as computers and smartphones, as well as computer networks such as private and public networks, including the Internet as a whole.”. Evolutions des sociétés ces dernières années Ci-dessous, l'évolution par an (depuis 2012) des créations et suppressions d'entreprises en France, par mois avec des courbes en moyenne mobile de 12 mois afin de voir l'évolution et les tendances, idem par … ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY NOTES FOR UPSC PRELIMS, MODERN INDIAN HISTORY NOTES BY IAS NETWORK, UPSC INTERNAL SECURITY NOTES BY IAS NETWORK, UPSC DISASTER MANAGEMENT NOTES BY IAS.NETWORK, UPSC ESSAY QUOTES COMPILATION BY IAS.NETWORK, UPSC SOCIOLOGY OPTIONAL EVALUATION PROGRAM, UPSC GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL EVALUATION PROGRAM, UPSC ANTHROPOLOGY OPTIONAL EVALUATION PROGRAM, Mentorship Guidance for UPSC Preparation 2021, Best IAS Mentorship/Guidance for Preparation, Leading Portal for IAS/UPSC Mentorship/Guidance, Top Platform for UPSC 2021 Mentorship/Guidance. was not made public. In our Constitutional frame-work, the police are the State’s subject. The aim of the research is to highlight how the Indian armed forces are responding to the emerging security scenario in the region and beyond, and to address issues in defence. This leads to evaporations of traditional NGOs in the country which used to lead by great leaders. The criteria for eligibility for Government pension, Including children, over a billion people. They suffered from many economic problems. The bureaucracy, in the developing countries, It communicates information to the citizens about the decision of the government. Steps to reduce economic deprivation and improve the delivery of essential services can erode the base of public support on which the extremist movements survive. The idea of setting up the Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog is crucial in order to integrate the approaches and programs of multiple departments. Italy, for example, has experimentally added ‘recognizing fake news’ in school syllabus. India is dependent on Foreign nations like USA, Russia for majority of it’s defence needs, A large quantity of electronics are imported by India from China, With regards to, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, basic raw material for manufacture of Medicines, India is dependent on China, Not a single PPE Kit was being manufactured in India before excessive demand due to Covid 19 Pandemic forced its domestic manufacturing. There is also increasing argument made that the impact of increased introduction of market imperatives in the traditional society of the region would have an irreversible impact on the people’s culture and life and it would also lead to increased settlement of mainland people to the northeast. There is a need to standardise the design and structure of this kind of defence infrastructure, since the BSF personnel are guarding the border in places where even basic infrastructure is not available. Through a phishing email sent to an employee, hackers accessed the credentials to execute a fund transfer, swindling Union Bank of India of $171 million; Prompt action helped the bank recover almost the entire money.  Proper analysis of the threats non-state actors pose to peace requires a focus on the root causes of terrorism and clarification of the terms non-state actors, state, and terrorism. However, in reality. Why still persistent even after govt measures: Kashmir region has experienced insurgency and separatist tendencies since India’s independence. Local tourism should be promoted. It is leading to the poisonous atmosphere on the web and causing riots and lynching on the road. Although in India, This was one of the major reasons because of which the Rangaranjan. Lays procedure for the preparation of electoral rolls and the manner of filling seats. The purpose, amount, rate of interest, schedule of repayment etc., are to be decided by the group itself. In order to improve the participation of rural people in the process of development and involvement in decision-making and decentralized planning, The Panchayat Raj institutions are responsible for the, The constitutional amendment has provided for the, The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was, The Act was enforced upon all the state governments through, It was meant to provide constitutional sanction to establish, The first lacuna with the 73rd CAA is that its, The word ‘may’ (in Article 243G) implies that the sharing of power with panchayats depends on the. via wikigb.com Feed https://ift.tt/2XX20xh. The work of the government begins by law-making. The Programme, launched in 2005, seeks to ensure the welfare of religious minorities through: (a) increasing educational and employment opportunities, (b) improving living conditions, and (c) preventing and controlling communal riots. There are visible and invisible Maoists sources of finance and channels of procuring weapons which deserve high priority. A movement that started demanding the deportation of the illegal migrants also witnessed the birth of the militant outfit the United Liberation Front of Assam (U.L.F.A.)  Give priority to examining the ways in which violent groups finance their activities. Before 1947, the Indian subcontinent was a single geographical unit comprising present day India, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and marked by political, social and economic unity. Intellectual Property Appellate Tribunal. norms would be enforced and objectives given; there should be perfect communication in and between units of organisation; and, there would be any kind of pressures of time, A non-governmental organisation (NGO) is an organization that is. Extremist non-state actors also include religious fanatics which propagate religious hatred which can lead to communal tensions in the country. Today terrorists select Social Media as a practical alternative to disturb the function of nations and other business activities because this technique has potential to cause huge damage. Terrorist groups, whether indigenous or sponsored by outside states, need arms and money for their fight against the security forces. They share information through this model like: Sharing of all kind of information, rules and data, Complaints or any kind of dissatisfaction can be expressed. Simply put “governance” means: “The process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are being implemented”. In an e-democracy the Government informs the citizen, represents the citizen, encourages the citizen to vote, consults the citizen and engages the citizen in the Governance. How Does The New Commission Be Different From Its Earlier Version? The rapid growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan is also of serious concern to India. It is not bound by the rules of the Evidence Act and the CPC unless the statute which creates the tribunal imposes such an obligation. Different political parties are not hesitating to use any means, fair or foul, for electoral victory. Bringing in Stability of tenure and guarantee against arbitrary punishment. The government must increase allocation for defence (excluding pensions) to 2.5 percent of GDP initially, and further raise it gradually to 3 percent until modernisation of the Armed Forces is complete. People are right to be concerned. This happens because, These pressure groups or interest groups have the, Pressure groups play a leading role in the, Pressure groups in India, by and large, have no political commitment. It is strictly bound by all the rules of evidence and by the procedure of the Code of Civil Procedure. With the recent Government of India crackdown on Greenpeace and several other NGOs coming under the scanner of Indian government. The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987. Additionally, these platforms have huge confidential user information, and are likely vulnerable to outside or inside attack which is detrimental to Internal Security. Nagaland, Being a part of the larger state of Assam, it was the first to experience militancy in pursuit of a grant of autonomy. NGOs can also be pilots for larger government projects by virtue of their ability to act more quickly than the government bureaucracy. Even where some buildings have provisions for wheelchairs, Disabled persons also suffer from socio/ emotional and psychological challenges. The AFSPA (Armed Forces Special Power Act) for instance, shows the inability and reluctance of the government to solve the conflict with adequate political measures. President can be elected only for two terms at max. o   Many of them are reportedly seeking jobs and employment in the Bhutanese territory, in the garb of Indian citizens. Well, preparing for the competitive exams like UPSC,... UPSC IAS Exam Eligibility – Want to know are you eligible for the IAS exam or not? India has 487 million workers, but more than two-thirds of Indian employers report that they struggle to find workers with the right skills. Fiscal decentralisation accords substantial revenue and expenditure authority to intermediate and local governments, Democratic Decentralisation in Rural Areas, Democratic Decentralisation in Urban Areas, Democratic Decentralisation in Tribal and Schedule Areas, Issues and Challenges faced by Indian Federalism. Public sector companies generally route their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds through self-run foundations, instead of nonprofits. A new approach to policy making would call for restructuring the design of the ministries to make them less hierarchical, by, The ministries, as they function now, are, While such hierarchical exercise of authority provides some control of quality and integrity of decision- making, it often leads to exasperating delays and takes the focus away from delivering results. Though the EC has put in place a remarkable MCC, it has lacked on all fronts when the question has been raised about its actual implementation. Issues: Another key issue is the fact that the EC lacks the machinery to fulfil all that is required of it. The terrorist and military outfits in Pakistan have been distancing the youth of Kashmir from the democratic form of the Indian government. A good multi-layered, regularly updated security software can ensure the security of defences and confidential data from hackers all over the world.. Tackling harmful power relations takes time, and the empowerment of disadvantaged people must be combined with improving accountability mechanisms and reforming democratic institutions. The criminal justice system is still in the shape which the British left it in and required changes have not been done. Recent Internal Security Crisis engendered by Social Media, Cyber Security is protecting cyber space including critical information infrastructure from attack, damage, misuse and economic espionage. Therefore, the alliance of organized crime and corruption will also be broken. Government expenditure should favour disadvantaged regions or groups. The education sector too has been affected by militancy. Required fields are marked *. Expanding the network of organized crime. The RPA, 1951 lays down certain rules for disqualification of MPs and MLAs. Thorough background check of all insurgents groups should be carried out before the central government enters into any Ceasefire or Suspension of Operations Agreements with the insurgents. People also migrate on a short-term basis in search of better opportunities for recreation, health care facilities, and legal advice or for availing service which the nearby towns provide. They not only enhance the surveillance and detection capabilities of the border guarding forces but also improve the impact of the border guarding personnel against infiltration and trans-border crimes. Implementation is seen varying along a continuum, ranging from the most successful to aborted attempts. What they cannot get through legitimate means they obtain through arms and explosives. Arbitrary and questionable methods of appointments, promotions and transfers of officers by political superiors also led to corrosion of the moral basis of its independence. km. In an attempt to regulate elections in the country for the first time, the government came up with the Representation of People Act, 1950. With limited government oversight, industry standards or incentives to educate users on security, privacy and identity protection, users are exposed to identity theft and fraud. Major responsibilities of civil servants to government and society. Development of, A report by UNICEF estimates that there is a, Also, more children in the age group of 5-14, whose parents are not educated, seem to be. Even the language of the court is such that the person for whom it is meant cannot understand the language and meaning of the court, Not only is the language of the court required to be simplified, but it should also be made people friendly. The lack of interpersonal trust and mutual understanding between two communities often result in perception of threat, harassment, fear and danger in one community against the members of the other community , which in turn leads to fight, hatred and anger phobia. NGO activities include, but are not limited to, Foreign funding of voluntary organizations in India is regulated under FCRA act and is. The courts do not follow investigatory or inquisition functions rather it decides the case on the basis of evidence. According to the recommendation, the President must appoint the members of the EC in consultation with said collegium. o   Illegal trade activities in a variety of contraband items flourish at Moreh on the Indo-Myanmar border. Indian government along with the state governments and local governments should continue to focus on eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development in order to improve the lives of India’s people. Face-off between Indian Army and China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in the Doklam plateau, a disputed area of 89 sq km in western Bhutan, near East Sikkim. It aims to achieve at least 90 per cent immunisation coverage by December 2018 which will cover unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children in rural and urban areas of India, Getting Medical Staff to Work in Smaller Cities. Prime Minister is not assistant to President but is responsible for most major decisions to be taken for country. In Britain, the Prime Minister should be a member of the Lower House (House of Commons) of the Parliament. Only in exceptional cases – i.e if govt. Prompted by political considerations, and guided by their vested interests, political parties take decisions which promote communal violence. in 1979. This contrast points to clear opportunities ahead, while posing serious questions as to how India can get the best out of its people through education and training. Leadership qualities of the leaders in NGOs. Crime and terrorism can potentially have a very close linkage. A certification scheme called Sevottam was launched to address some of the shortcomings of the citizen’s charter. While there may or may not always be a linkage between the two, however, both international case studies and those in India do point towards it. Your email address will not be published. The evolution of boundaries in the Indian subcontinent has a long historical legacy, which often has been a source of tension and conflict between neighbours. Such practices need to be replicated in other states for strengthening the true character of local self governance. In areas under Maoist domination, the absence of governance becomes a self- fulfilling prophecy since the delivery systems are extinguished through killings and intimidation. Creating new departments to deal with individual subjects has the advantage of focusing. The way information is exchanged in real time, has triggered an information revolution the world over that has forced people, governments and organisations, to rethink strategies on how they manage their information in an increasingly interconnected world. When a country imports from a single country, it has a very high degree of technological dependence. It is expected out of the political parties to follow the MCC on a moral basis. Salient Features of Pressure Groups in India: Critical Evaluation of Pressure Groups in India: Few examples of formal groups/ Organizations are: Characteristics of Formal Groups/Organisation: Some distinct characteristics of formal bodies are given below. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) annual report used a picture of the Spain-Morocco border to show Indian border floodlighting. SUGGESTIONS FOR MINISTRIES/DEPARTMENTS IMPROVEMENT: Creation of Effective Executive Agencies: Simplification of Governmental Processes: Ensure proper coordination among different levels: Lack of Interaction Among People And Courts: To Increase the Strength of The Judiciary. They had to face many economic hardships and they were, Harijans had to face many public indignities because they were, Traditionally the untouchables were deprived of getting education. While informal organization, the conduct of individuals within organization is governed by norms that are social rules of the behavior. More than one-third of Indians live in cities. Firstly, make sure that you... UPSC DISASTER MANAGEMENT NOTES BY IAS.NETWORK     Covers NDMA Guidelines and 2nd ARC Recommendations that can be used... Mentorship/Guidance for UPSC Preparation 2021 – “A mentor is someone who allows you to see the hope inside yourself”. Apart from this socio-economic crisis, they also faced a, The prevalence of alcohol consumption was found to be much lower among non-Scheduled Tribe men (30%). Services targeted towards these groups are crucial (e.g. Photos, videos and other personal information shared by an individual on social networking sites can be inappropriately used by others, leading to serious and even life-threatening incidents. Many opportunities and attractions in big cities pull large numbers of people to big cities. However. Migration can have positive as well as negative effects on the life of the migrants. And as per the, The other tribal regions i.e. Since 2015, mob lynching is quite prevalent in India as near 90 people have been killed. 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